In order to correctly evaluate the travel infection risks during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study proposed an infection risk assessment model based on the travel behavior analysis. Using the epidemiological survey data and online questionnaire data in Jiangsu, China this study developed and calibrated the travel behavior models for virus carriers and ordinary individuals. The travel behaviors of virus carriers and ordinary individuals were also compared. The infection risks were evaluated for different travel modes and travel activities. The results indicate that: (1) implementing strict traffic control measures significantly reduces the infection risk; (2) the infection risk of medical treatment travel activities is significantly higher than other travel activities; (3) business or leisure travel activities expose to a higher infection risk in the early stages of the pandemic; (4) the risk of non-motor vehicle travel is relatively low. Copyright © 2020 by Science Press.